THE NECESSITY OF A SITE STUDY
The first step in designing a septic project is to call upon a qualified technologist or engineer, depending on the region. These professionals possess the tools and knowledge necessary to conduct an accurate site study. This step is crucial as it helps determine the specific characteristics of the soil, such as its composition, infiltration capacity, groundwater levels, as well as any environmental or regulatory constraints. Based on the applicable discharge standards, the engineer assesses the site limits, required distances, and allowable flow rates, ensuring that the system complies with the laws and regulations in effect in the country where it will be installed.
CHOOSING TREATMENT AND REUSE SOLUTIONS
Once the site study is completed, appropriate solutions for the treatment and reuse of wastewater can be considered. Each option must be carefully evaluated in terms of the specific advantages and disadvantages relative to the project’s location and needs. The goal is to ensure an optimal installation that meets treatment requirements while minimizing longterm costs. For example, advanced treatment technologies may offer high performance but might require more specialized expertise during installation and maintenance. In each case, the aim is to maximize the system’s efficiency and durability while ensuring its economic viability.
THE DESIGN
The design phase, carried out by a specialized engineer, forms the core of the septic project. This phase is based on the analysis of data collected during the site study and incorporates key concepts to ensure that the system meets the specific needs of the site while complying with applicable
standards.
The engineer develops a detailed plan that takes into account:
- Hydrogeological characteristics, such as soil permeability and groundwater levels, to ensure adequate drainage and prevent groundwater contamination.
- System sizing, based on the hydraulic and organic load of the wastewater, to ensure effective treatment even during load variations.
- Optimization of flow, to minimize the risk of clogging, ensure uniform flow, and maximize the system’s lifespan.
- Environmental integration, favoring solutions that reduce ecological impact, such as advanced treatments or vegetated dispersion areas.
- Regulatory constraints, to comply with minimum distances (wells, watercourses, buildings) and discharge requirements.
This plan serves as a roadmap for installation and includes detailed specifications of materials, dimensions, and installation procedures, while anticipating future maintenance needs. The rigor of this step is essential to reduce long-term costs and ensure the durability of the installation.
INSTALLATION – MUCH MORE THAN SIMPLY PLACING EQUIPMENT
After selecting the appropriate technology, installation is not just about placing equipment into the ground. Engineering plays a fundamental role in ensuring the proper functioning of each component. Crucial aspects such as the arrangement of filter materials, the thickness of the sand or stone bed, and the precise distances between the various elements must be taken into account. Furthermore, for gravity flow systems, slopes must be carefully calculated to avoid, if possible, the use of pumps, which simplifies the system and reduces energy and maintenance costs. Every detail of the installation is essential for the overall system to function consistently and efficiently. The installation phase must be carried out with care to avoid damage to the components and the immediate environment of the installation. Specific construction steps help preserve the surrounding soil and filter materials, avoiding unwanted settling or potential leaks.
USAGE PROCESS AND BEST PRACTICES
Once the installation is completed in accordance with the engineer’s plans and specifications, responsible usage practices are essential to ensure optimal performance and prolong the system’s lifespan. Regular monitoring and adjustments according to usage are also necessary, taking into account natural changes on or around the system.
CONCLUSION
A well-designed and well-installed septic system does not rely solely on technology; it depends on a comprehensive engineering approach that respects the natural characteristics of the terrain and environmental requirements. By working with qualified professionals at every stage—from design to installation—you ensure that your system will operate optimally, durably, and economically. It is this rigor in the process that guarantees the long-term reliability of the septic system, for the benefit of the end user and the environment.
Here’s the infoDBO : From design to installation : the importance of engineering in septic projects
